新聞動態 輕工行業防爆概述及(ji)特點

輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)是(shi)我國工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組成部分。輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)以生產人們(men)生活(huo)所必(bi)須的(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)用(yong)品、日(ri)(ri)用(yong)器具(ju)、日(ri)(ri)用(yong)電器、日(ri)(ri)用(yong)機械為主導產品。其歷史悠(you)久(jiu)，發展迅速(su)，是(shi)我國工(gong)業(ye)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)行業(ye)。輕(qing)工(gong)由于存在設備落(luo)后(hou)、發展快、使用(yong)危險物品多而專(zhuan)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)理弱的(de)(de)問題，曾經(jing)一(yi)度爆炸事故多發。為了(le)做(zuo)好(hao)輕(qing)工(gong)行業(ye)的(de)(de)防(fang)爆工(gong)作，必(bi)須掌握(wo)行業(ye)特點(dian)，針對行業(ye)特點(dian)，采用(yong)通用(yong)與(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)結(jie)合(he)、消除與(yu)防(fang)護結(jie)合(he)、一(yi)般防(fang)范與(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)控制(zhi)結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)方法，有(you)效地(di)實施(shi)(shi)防(fang)爆技術措施(shi)(shi)和防(fang)爆管(guan)(guan)理措施(shi)(shi)。

輕工(gong)業生(sheng)產行業多樣(yang)，產品繁多，工(gong)藝技(ji)術差(cha)別大，裝備水平高(gao)低懸殊。輕工(gong)業生(sheng)產又存(cun)在著產品同(tong)期(qi)短(duan)、工(gong)藝和(he)裝備變化快，適應市場能力強的特征。輕工(gong)行業防爆受其(qi)行業性質的影響至少(shao)有4個特點。

1．涉及專業范圍廣

輕工行業防爆技術涉及專業范(fan)圍廣(guang)泛。總體講可(ke)分(fen)兩方面(mian)。

①工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與(yu)其(qi)他行(xing)業(ye)(ye)性質相(xiang)同，需(xu)借用相(xiang)應行(xing)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)技(ji)術(shu)的同時，注(zhu)重輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)個性防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)技(ji)術(shu)。如自行(xing)車生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、摩托車生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、縫(feng)紉機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、鐘手表(biao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、打字機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、照(zhao)相(xiang)機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)及(ji)日用五金、量具(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)屬機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)，應用機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)技(ji)術(shu)，而清(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、噴涂工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、熱處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)又需(xu)采(cai)取(qu)針對性防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)措施。香料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、合(he)成脂肪酸生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、三聚磷酸鈉(na)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、烷基苯生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、硬脂酸以及(ji)化(hua)妝(zhuang)品、牙膏、肥皂生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)屬化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)。味精、糖(tang)果、罐頭(tou)、糕點、面(mian)包(bao)、餅干、方(fang)便面(mian)與(yu)糧(liang)食加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)相(xiang)近。卷煙生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)歸屬于(yu)煙草行(xing)業(ye)(ye)等，也需(xu)要注(zhu)重不(bu)同要求的防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)特點。

②輕工(gong)行(xing)業特有生(sheng)(sheng)產、工(gong)藝，在采取專業性防爆(bao)技(ji)術的(de)同時，要(yao)注意執行(xing)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)易燃易爆(bao)物質使用(yong)(yong)、儲存(cun)的(de)各種(zhong)標準。如(ru)火柴生(sheng)(sheng)產防爆(bao)，酒類、酒精生(sheng)(sheng)產防爆(bao)，油墨生(sheng)(sheng)產防爆(bao)，乒(ping)乓球生(sheng)(sheng)產防爆(bao)，印刷、造紙(zhi)、感光膠片(pian)、皮革、玻璃(li)、燈具生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)防爆(bao)有著明顯的(de)輕工(gong)特點。而又大量使用(yong)(yong)壓力容(rong)器、鍋爐和石(shi)油氣(qi)、煤氣(qi)、氫氣(qi)、氧(yang)氣(qi)、乙炔氣(qi)等，必須采用(yong)(yong)相應的(de)防爆(bao)技(ji)術。

2．生產工藝差別大

輕(qing)工(gong)行業(ye)的(de)多(duo)類(lei)別、多(duo)產(chan)(chan)品決(jue)定了工(gong)藝差別大，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規模懸殊。如(ru)日(ri)用化學生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、玻(bo)璃生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、感光膠(jiao)片(pian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、造紙(zhi)、印刷業(ye)突(tu)出著(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)連續性(xing)。鐘手表、照(zhao)相機、量具生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)體現著(zhu)技術(shu)密集性(xing)。化妝品類(lei)、食品類(lei)、家具類(lei)、玩(wan)具類(lei)等(deng)大多(duo)數輕(qing)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)屬于勞力密集性(xing)。另(ling)外(wai)，各(ge)種不(bu)同的(de)工(gong)藝形(xing)成企(qi)業(ye)的(de)規模亦大小不(bu)等(deng)，上(shang)萬名職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)的(de)大型企(qi)業(ye)，數干(gan)名職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)的(de)中型企(qi)業(ye)，幾十名職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)小企(qi)業(ye)在防(fang)爆技術(shu)上(shang)都有各(ge)自的(de)特點。

3．爆炸源點分布廣

輕工(gong)企業小(xiao)企業多，數量多，廣泛分(fen)布全(quan)國各地(di)，所有的輕工(gong)企業都大小(xiao)不(bu)同程度(du)地(di)存在著爆炸危險性。

對(dui)一(yi)個企(qi)業(ye)(ye)講，爆(bao)炸(zha)源(yuan)點分(fen)布(bu)差別很大(da)，火柴、油墨、香料(liao)等生產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)爆(bao)炸(zha)源(yuan)點遍布(bu)全廠。而食品、紙(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)品、制(zhi)(zhi)筆等企(qi)業(ye)(ye)只有少量集中的可爆(bao)炸(zha)源(yuan)點。當然，危(wei)險性大(da)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)因(yin)其管(guan)理(li)嚴(yan)格(ge)，有效實施(shi)(shi)防爆(bao)技術并不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)發生爆(bao)炸(zha)事故。危(wei)險性小的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)也有因(yin)疏(shu)于管(guan)理(li)、防爆(bao)措施(shi)(shi)不(bu)落實而導致爆(bao)炸(zha)事故的教(jiao)訓(xun)。

4．防爆要求差異大

工藝不(bu)同，防爆特點和要求(qiu)亦異(yi)。即使對一個企業，甚至(zhi)同工藝、同工段因設備、管理、人員不(bu)同，控制重點也有差(cha)異(yi)。

掌握(wo)輕工(gong)行業防爆(bao)特點對提高防爆(bao)有效性、經濟性是(shi)有著重要意義的。